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"We wanted to make sure there are translators. Soon after the blasts the country's tourism minister Kobkarn Wattanavrangkul visited the nearby Chulalongkorn Hospital where many of the Chinese victims were taken. Thailand had been expecting a surge in Chinese visitors in October for the annual National Day holiday, often dubbed "Golden Week" by China's neighbours because of the huge tourism bonanza it produces. It is particularly popular with Chinese visitors, who travel to Thailand in larger numbers than any other nationality. The Erawan is an enormously popular shrine to the Hindu god Brahma but is visited by thousands of Buddhist devotees every day. Tourism, which accounts for 10 per cent of the country's GDP, was one of the few positive growth areas.Įarlier this month the Tourism Authority of Thailand said arrivals were at 12.4 million in the first five months of this year, a 25 per cent increase on the same period last year when Bangkok was wracked by street protests that eventually led a military coup. The blasts came just hours after fresh economic data showed Thailand's economy had slowed in the second quarter, hit by weak domestic demand and exports. "I really hope sense will prevail and it doesn't spiral into something really, really shocking," he added. And coming this violently is a real worry." "You sort of hope that it's going to go away but when it comes back again it's pretty shocking. "There's just been so many problems in Thailand over the years," he told AFP. Howard Fenton, a 50-year-old computer programmer from Australia, said he was dismayed to see violence return once more to Bangkok's streets. "People will definitely think twice about coming to Thailand now," he added. "It won't stop me coming to Thailand, but I'm sure it will damage the Thai economy because people are scared to go anywhere," he told AFP, as he stood outside a hotel close to a police cordon. "It saddens me a lot because the Thais are beautiful people and they're tearing themselves apart for no particular reason at all," said Michael Williams, a 69-year-old Briton who regularly vists the country, speculating that politics was the motive for the attack. The shrine sits at the foot of the five-star Grand Hyatt Erawan hotel and is surrounded by a string of large hotels and malls that draw tens of thousands of visitors each day.īy late Monday evening the normally thronging skywalk connecting those shopping centres was virtually abandoned while the streets below filled with police officers and soldiers manning checkpoints. Since 2006 Bangkok has witnessed repeated rounds of deadly violence, flanked by two coups which have seen the military claim the streets.īut until Monday foreigners had rarely been caught up in the bloodshed.

Whoever laid the device would have known the blast would kill and maim both locals and tourists alike, dealing a further blow to an already struggling economy where tourism has been one of the few bright spots. doi :10.1016/j.clinph.2011.08.Foreigners expressed alarm tinged with a sense of deja vu after a bomb tore through central Bangkok on Monday night in a devastating return of violence to the "Land of Smiles".Īt least 16 people have been killed by the blast - including one Chinese and one Philippine national - while more than 120 have been wounded, many of them tourists who were visiting a popular religious shrine that was the target of the attack. “ Rhinal-hippocampal interactions during déjà vu.” Clinical Neurophysiology, vol. J., Nguyen, T., McGonigal, A., Régis, J., Chauvel, P., and F. “ A review of the déjà vu experience.” Psychology Bulletin, vol. 8 During the first half of the 20th century, 2 theories were prevalent: the concept of reentry around an anatomic obstacle (circus movement reentry), 9 and the ectopic focus theory. Part of the Essays in Cognitive Psychology series. “ Familiarity from the configuration of objects in 3-dimensional space and its relation to déjà vu: a virtual reality investigation.” Consciousness and Cognition, vol. S., Sawyer, B.D., Nomi, J.S., Ajoku, A.C., and A. “ Déjà vu: possible parahippocampal mechanisms.” The Journal of Neuropsychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, vol. “ Cortical stimulation study of the role of rhinal cortex in déjà vu and reminiscence of memories.” Neurology, vol. Bartolomei, F., Barbeau, E., Gavaret, M., Guye, M., McGonigal, A., Régis, J., and P.The cognitive neuropsychology of déjà vu. Tip-of-the-tongue states and related phenomena.